Tradition is important for all of these characters – be it Scrooge with his obsessive money counting and nightly rituals or Cratchit with his love of Christmas – and the changing of the city during these industrial times threatens to break down all of these traditions through its transformation of economic conditions and the grinding poverty it inflicts. Time in the story is also threatening because of the changes its passing will enact in traditional society. Second the chains that Marley shakes at Scrooge to scare him are a visual reminder of the endless prison sentence of purgatory awaiting Scrooge in the afterlife. Fezziwig (Scrooge’s former mentor) at a party in Scrooge’s past, negus is a sort of hot wine punch made with port, sugar, lemon and water. Take heed Scrooge is not yet convinced of the value of being visited by Ghosts and asks for an explanation. ![]() First, bells tolling and chiming fit into the story’s song-like structure and also recur at key moments, reminding Scrooge of the time and of time passing. Time in the story is distinguished by several motifs. At the same time, the ghosts’ appearance threaten ultimately the absence of time, what will happen after Scrooge’s death if he continues down this path: the purgatory of endlessly wandering the earth that Marley’s ghost warned him was his fate. Each ghost shows Scrooge a vision of life gone wrong, set in a chronological path to destruction. The three-part ghost story shows the reader a clear path – sins in Scrooge’s past leading to his present misery and the continuation of that sin leading in the future to death, symbolized by the hooded figure. Perhaps, Scrooge could not have told anybody why, if anybody could have asked him but he had a special desire to see the Spirit in his cap and begged him to be covered. ![]() Three ghosts appear to Scrooge to show him how he is living sinfully and what the consequences will be if he doesn’t choose to live a better life. Long Past inquired Scrooge: observant of its dwarfish stature.
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